Somaclonal variation in crop improvement i biotechnology in agriculture and forestry 9783642080777. Application of somaclonal variation in crop improvement programme was established in sugarcane. Box 18, chiuju, pingtung taiwan abstract an improvement program for disease resistance and horticultural traits in cavendish banana cultivars was established using somaclonal variants as a source of variation. Somaclonal variation is the variation seen in plants that have been produced by plant tissue culture. Keywords micropropagation somaclones oxidative stress epignetic variation molecular markers crop improvement. Combination of somaclonal variation and mutagenesis for crop improvement. Somaclonal variations and their applications in horticultural crops. The usefulness of variation was first demonstrated through the recovery of disease resistant plants in potato resistance against late blight and early blight and sugarcane resistance against eyespot disease, fiji disease and downy. Variations were recorded based on cytogenetic, morphological and enzyme profiles. In continuation of somaclonal variation and crop improvement i 1990, this volume is comprised of twentyfour chapters dealing with somaclonal variants showing resistance to salt drought, herbicides, viruses, alternaria, fusarium, glomerella, verticillium, phytophthora, fall armyworm, etc. Somaclonal variation and crop improvement, advances in agricultural biotechnonogy, pp. Somaclonal variation in crop improvement i b iotechnology in agriculture and forestry 9783642080777. This variation arising from cell and tissue cultures is called somaclonal variation that can be geneticepigenetic.
Sugarcane, somaclonal variations, red rot, scmv, candidate genes, genetic integrity. Feb, 2016 crop improvement through somaclonal variation enables breeders to obtain plants tolerant to the biotic or abiotic stress, such as drought, high salinity, high or low soil ph and disease tolerance yusnita et al. Its genetic basis and prospects for crop improvement. These somaclonal variations are mainly caused by newly generated mutations arising from tissue culture process sato et al. Genetic variability is an important parameter for plant breeders in any con ventional crop improvement programme. Somaclonal variation appears to be an important alternative for creation of genetic variability in crops where tissue culture plant regeneration system has been established. Read this article to learn about the basis, isolation and limitations of somaclonal variations and also factors affecting the production of somaclonal variants. Variation for crop improvement in pigeonpea cajanus cajan l. The main factors that influence the variation generated from tissue culture are 1 the degree of departure from organised growth, 2 the genotype, 3 growth regulators.
Tissue culture is an efficient method of clonal propagation. Somaclonal variation a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. This variation arising from cell and tissue cultures is called somaclonal variation that. The term somaclonal variation is a phenomenon of broad taxonomic occurrence, reported for species of different ploidy levels, and for outcrossing and inbreeding, vegetatively and seed propagated. The economic consequence of somaclonal variation among regenerated plants is enormous in fruit crops and woody plants, because they have long life cycles. Saurabh bhatia, kiran sharma, in modern applications of plant biotechnology in pharmaceutical sciences, 2015. Somaclonal variation a novel source of variability from. Somaclonal variation in crop improvement ii download. Tissue culture increases the efficiency of mutagenictreatment to induce variations. Somaclonal variation and induced mutations in crop improvement. Somaclonal variation has been described for a variety of both qualitative and quantitative traits. Somaclonal variations and their applications in horticultural.
Somaclonal variation and genetic improvement of crop. Somaclonal variation and in vitro mutation induction. One of the causes of somaclonal variation in rice is the transposition of retrotransposons. Somaclonal variations sv are genetic or epigenetic changes induced in plant cell and tissue culture. Mutationbasedplant improvement, which changes one or a few specifictraits of a cultivar, can contribute to crop improvement. The term somaclonal variation is a phenomenon of broad taxonomic occurrence, reported for species of different ploidy levels, and for outcrossing and inbreeding, vegetatively and seed propagated, and cultivated and non. Download somaclonal variation in crop improvement i. Tissue culture increases the efficiency of mutagenic treatment to induce variations. Molecular spectrum of somaclonal variation in regenerated. Sources of variations detected in plant tissue culture.
Ppt somaclonal variations powerpoint presentation free to. Chromosomal rearrangements are an important source of this variation. May 05, 20 advantages of somaclonal variations help in crop improvement creation of additional genetic varitions increased and improved production ofsecondary metabolites selection of plants resistant to varioustoxins, herbicides, high salt concentrationand mineral toxicity suitable for breeding of tree species 15. In continuation of somaclonal variation and crop improvement i 1990, this volume is comprised of twentyfour chapters dealing with somaclonal variants showing resistance to saltdrought, herbicides, viruses, alternaria, fusarium, glomerella, verticillium, phytophthora, fall armyworm, etc. There has been a remarkable escalation of interest in tissueculture derived plant variation somaclonal variation in the last few years. Somaclonal variation in crop improvement recovery of novel or rare variants e. Ppt somaclonal variations powerpoint presentation free to download id. Ppt somaclonal variations powerpoint presentation free. Saieed introduction substantial genetic and phenotypic variation occurs within plant cell, protoplast, anther, or tissue cultures. Advantages of somaclonal variations help in crop improvement creation of additional genetic varitions increased and improved production of secondary metabolites selection of plants resistant to various toxins, herbicides, high salt concentration and mineral toxicity, and disease resistance.
However, plant breeders have successfully recombined the desired genes from cultivated crop gerrnplasm and related wild species by sexual hybridization, and. Somaclonal variation is unpredictable in nature, and can be both heritable genetic and nonheritable epigenetic table 1. Somaclonal variation includes aneuploids, sterile plants and morphological variants, sometimes involving traits of economic importance in case of crop plants. Induction of somaclonal variation, is an alternate approach to conventional breeding and. Somaclonal variation as a tool for crop improvement angela karp department of agricultural sciences, university of bristol, institute of arable crops research, long ashton. Somaclonal variation can be manifested as either somatically or meiotically. Applications of somaclonal variations biology discussion.
Combination of somaclonal variation and mutagenesis for. Somaclonal variation in crop improvement ii download ebook. Application of somaclonal variation in crop improvement of. Although plants derived from tissue cultures are the product of asexual reproduction they may show considerable phenotypic and genotypic variability, or somaclonal variation. Recent advances in phytochemistry proceedings of the phytochemical society of north america, vol 22. Chromosomal rearrangements are an important source of. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Sep 25, 20 help in crop improvement creation of additional genetic varitions increased and improved production of secondary metabolites selection of plants resistant to various toxins, herbicides, high salt concentration and mineral toxicity suitable for breeding of tree species advantages of somaclonal variations 15. Mutationbased plant improvement, which changes one or a few specific traits of a cultivar, can contribute to crop improvement. The plants derived from such cells are referred to somaclones. Somaclonal variation and crop improvement springerlink. Genetic variation found to occur between somaclones in plant tissue cultures was called somaclonal variation. Somaclonal variation is always associated with chromosomal variations, which have been generally found in longterm callus, cell suspension culture, and plants regenerated from such cultures. Somaclones may itself have numerous applications in plant breeding and genetic improvements and recovery of such novel variants can be.
The extent 01 somaclonal variation as seen from tho following standard. Somaclonal variation presumptive generalities origin of somaclonal variation conclusions references discussion references general discussion possible r. Somaclonal variation is a phenomenon that results in the phenotypic variation of plants regenerated from cell culture. It is well known that increasing numbers of subculture increases the likelihood of somaclonal variation, so the number of subcultures in micropropagation protocols should be kept to a minimum. Somaclonal variation in crop improvement springerlink. Somaclonal variation caused by the process of tissue culture is also called tissue culture induced variation to more speci. This article throws light upon the five applications of somaclonal variations. Somaclonal variation in hybrid poplars for resistance to. Mohan jain, 9780792348627, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide. Somaclonal variation as a tool for crop improvement. Muller in 1927 was a major mi1estone in enhancing variation, and also indicated the potential applica tions of mutagenesis in plant improvement. Click download or read online button to get somaclonal variation in crop improvement ii book now. Combination of somaclonal variation and mutagenesis for crop. Pdf somaclonal variations and their applications in.
If you dont want to wait have a look at our ebook offers and start reading immediately. Pdf somaclonal variation is a tool that can be used by plant breeders. Advantages of somaclonal variations help in crop improvement creation of additional genetic varitions increased and improved production ofsecondary metabolites selection of plants resistant to varioustoxins, herbicides, high salt concentrationand mineral toxicity suitable for breeding of tree species 15. The main factors that influence the variation generated from tissue culture are 1 the degree of departure from organised growth, 2 the genotype, 3 growth regulators and 4 tissue source. Download now genomic selection for crop improvement serves as handbook for users by providing basic as well as advanced understandings of genomic selection. In this paper we describe this technology, the nature of the genetic variation thus far uncovered, and some current and future applications of somaclonal variation. Your print orders will be fulfilled, even in these challenging times. Somaclonal variation an overview sciencedirect topics.
This type of genetic variation generates various potential applications such as crop improvement, in the production of mutants and variants e. The choice of detection method therefore, depends on the task at hand. Somaclonal variation can be detected using a wide range of techniques having their own strengths and limitations. Somaclonal variation in crop improvement i professor dr. This is due to the potential induced variation has in crop improvement as much as it is essential to detect and eliminate variants at early stages to minimize loss. Somaclonal variation in crop improvement i springerlink. Somaclonal variation may be profitably utilized in crop improvement since it reduces the time required for releasing the new variety by at least two years as compared to mutation breeding and by three years in comparison to back cross method of gene transfer. Genetic variations in plants that have been produced by plant tissue culture and can be detected as genetic or phenotypic traits. Tissue culturederived variation in crop improvement pdf. Principle and application of plant mutagenesis in crop improvement.
Somaclonal variations was a good source of genetic improvement of sugarcane for disease resistance with no snp changes in candidate genes. Somaclonal variation in crop improvement ii biotechnology. Somaclonal variations and their applications in horticultural crops improvement. Somaclonal variation and crop improvement larkin and scowcroft 1981 proposed the term somaclone to describe the plants originating from any type of tissue culture. The adobe flash plugin is needed to view this content. Somaclonal variation and in vitro mutation induction have been used in sugarcane, banana and potato, with the objective of improving specific characters, mainly the resistance to diseases and other defects that limit the use of some important commercial varieties. The usefulness of variation was first demonstrated through the recovery of disease resistant plants in potato resistance against late blight and early blight and sugarcane resistance against eyespot disease, fiji disease. Somaclonal variation is a tool that can be used by plant breeders.
Applications of somaclonal variation nature biotechnology. Remove this presentation flag as inappropriate i dont like this i like this remember as a favorite. Somaclonal variation is a valuable tool in plant breeding, wherein variation in tissue culture regenerated plants from somatic cells can be used in the development. A case study with olive 125 whereas in vitro the loss of cellular control, which gives rise to disorganised growth, is a characteristic of somaclonal variation 6,19. Is defind as genetic variation observed among progeny of plant regenerated from somatic cell cultured in vitro. Somaclonal variation and tissue culture have the potential to significantly change tree breeding programs by reducing the time required for selecting and improving desired traits. The hawaian sugar planters association experimental station recorded genetic variation among sugarcane plants regenerated from tissue culture. However, many aspects of the mechanisms that result in somaclonal variation remain undefined.
Reducing somaclonal variation different steps can be used to reduce somaclonal variation. Organogenesis regenerated plants hardening and selfing somaclonal variants steps involved in induction and selection of somaclonal variations. If youre looking for a free download links of somaclonal variation in crop improvement i. Induction of somaclonal variation, is an alternate approach to. Radiation sources, such as xrays, gamma rays and fast neutrons, and chemical mutagens e. It can result in a range of genetically stable variation, useful in crop improvement skirvin et al. Pdf somaclonal variation as a tool for crop improvement. Somaclonal variation and genetic improvement of crop plants. Somaclonal variation and induced mutations in crop improvement by s. Somaclonal variation is not restricted to, but is particularly common in, plants regenerated from callus. The genetic variations found in the in vitro cultured cells are collectively referred to as somaclonal variations.
1302 473 1508 438 1598 1160 245 1165 598 94 67 890 228 586 197 969 396 368 1073 1251 867 66 683 295 304 1036 193 182 680 1371 56 540 347 511 159